Peridium (skin), gleba (flesh), and volatile aroma compounds vary substantially by species, host tree, and harvest window.
Périgord Black Winter Truffle
Tuber melanosporum Vitt.
The benchmark of classic French gastronomy across Périgord, Quercy, northern Spain (Teruel), and Umbria. Deep black flesh laced with fine white veins; complex notes of damp forest floor, dark cocoa, and ripe black fruit.
Peak Season: Late November to March · Kitchen: Excels gently warmed in butter, cream, eggs, or poultry jus.
White Alba / Piedmont Truffle
Tuber magnatum Pico
Exclusively wild-foraged rarity from Piedmont, Istria, and central Italy. Smooth pale ochre skin with an unmistakable, heady bouquet of wild garlic, forest honey, and aged cheese.
Peak Season: October to December · Kitchen: Always shaved raw at the table over warm dishes.
Burgundy & Summer Truffle
Tuber aestivum / var. uncinatum
Coarse pyramidal black warts and hazelnut-brown flesh. The autumn Burgundy ecotype (uncinatum) delivers a markedly richer, nutty mushroom depth than early summer harvests.
Peak Season: May to August (Summer) · September to December (Burgundy).
Winter Musky Truffle
Tuber brumale
Shares oak habitats with Tuber melanosporum but displays wider white veins, looser skin, and a spicy nutmeg-moss character. Strictly separated during official canifage at Sainte-Alvère.
Peak Season: January to March · Inspection: Clearly distinguished via gleba cut.